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发表于 2016-8-21 10:16:01
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Hanging Scrolls: Calligraphy as Art Becomes the Mainstream
挂轴:艺术书写成为书法主流
Table of Contents
目录
1. Art in functional writing (before the Han and Jin Dynasties)
1) Decoration: calligraphy in high anitquity
2) Practical writing: calligraphy in medieval times
一、汉晋以前实用书写中的书法艺术
1、装饰:上古时代的书法
2、书写:中古时代的书法
2. The art of calligraphy among literati from the Jin and Tang dynasties onward
1) Letters: conversations between literati
2) Poems and essays: the literary affairs of literati
3) Fans: The literati life appliance
二、晋唐以后文人书写中的书法艺术
1、翰札:文人交流
2、诗文手卷:文人文事
3、扇面:文人生活用具
3. The Origin of Calligraphy as a Pure Art
1) The performance of art: Zhang Xu writes calligraphy drunk
2) Calligraphy on the wall: Zhang Xu, He Zhizhang and Huai Su
3) Folding screens: Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty calligraphy
三、书法的纯艺术书写的滥觞
1、表演: 张旭醉书
2、书壁:张旭、贺知章、怀素
3、屏风:五代、宋、元
4. The Emergence and Popularity of Calligraphy on Hanging Scrolls in the late Ming Dynasty
1) No hanging scrolls in the Song and Yuan dynasties: the Zhang Wu Zhi (Treatise on Superfluous Things)
2) The emergence of the hanging scroll: the composition of folding screens in Suzhou halls
3) The popularity of hanging scrolls: promoted by businessmen and the art market
4) Calligraphy as art becomes the mainstream: Representative calligraphers: Xu Wei, Dong Qichang, Zhang Ruitu, Huang Daozhou, Ni Yuanlu, Wang Duo, Fu Shan
四、明代中晚期挂轴书法的出现和流行
1、宋元无挂轴:《长物志》历史记录
2、挂轴的兴起:苏州民居厅堂通屏构造
3、挂轴的流行:画商与市场的推动
4、艺术书写成为主流:代表性书法家
徐渭 董其昌 张瑞图 黄道周
倪元璐 王铎 傅山
5. The transformation of techniques caused by the enlarged scale of hanging scrolls
1) Long-tipped brushes made of sheep’s wool: Writing techniques become crude
2) Xuan paper made of pteroceltis tatarinowii: Ink becomes lighter
3) Huge scrolls in high-ceiling halls: the framework becomes riotous
五、挂轴幅面的巨量增大引起创作技法的大变化
1、长锋羊毫:笔法变糙
2、青檀宣纸:墨法变淡
3、高堂大轴:章法变乱
6. Change of creative mindset caused by changed aesthetic functions
1) Traditional aesthetic approaches: to read and to appreciate
2) Aesthetic approaches to hanging scrolls: to skim
3) The traditional motivation of art creation: a joy in the study, both self-entertaining and practical
4) Aesthetic motivation of hanging scrolls: the focus on visual processing
六、作品审美功能的变化引起创作心理的变化
1、传统的审美方式:阅读把玩
2、挂轴的审美方式:扫描阅读
3、传统的创作心理:实用兼自娱的文房之乐
4、挂轴的创作心理:专注于视觉关系处理
7. Modern exhibitions derived from hanging scrolls
1) From study to hall: the appreciation of a small space and less work
2) From salon to exhibition: appreciation of a large space and more work
3) Dilemma of aesthetic appreciation of exhibition works
七、由挂轴作品演变的现代展览会幅式
1、从书房到厅堂:小空间少作品审美
2、从沙龙到展厅:大空间多作品审美
3、展览会作品审美的两难命题
Conclusion
There are two major devolpments in the history of Chinese calligraphy. Firstly, before the calligrapher Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin period (317–420), calligraphy completed its evolution of different script forms and a sense of artistic consciousness began. After Wang Xizhi, calligraphic works became larger and became predominantly seen as pure art.
The second development was the emergence and popularity of hanging scrolls five hundred years ago in the mid to late Ming dynasty (1368-1644). This development has continued right up until the present day.
结论
中国书法史的巨大变迁,在在东晋(317-420)王羲之以前是书体的演变结束及其艺术自觉期的开始,在王羲之以后是作品幅面的放大及其纯艺术书写成为主流。
这第二个巨大变迁的原因就是五百年前即明代中、晚期挂轴书法的出现和流行,这个变迁延续至今。 |
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